browse tags
Authors

Adhir Chakravarti

Portrait of Adhir   Chakravarti

Prof. Adhir Chakravarti (24 Apr 1932, Kotalipara (now in Bangladesh — 20 Dec 1993, New Delhi, India) was a Sanskritist and Indian historian who studied extensively Southeast Asian cultures and Indian influences there.

After studying under Dr. Niharranjan Ray​’s supervision, he worked with the Calcutta (Kolkata)-based Asiatic Society [1] in the 1970s and 1980s. Niharranjan Ray (1903−1981), who had been General Secretary of the Asiatic Society from 1949 to 1950, became in 1965 the First Director of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla.

After researching Khmer and Sanskrit inscriptions at Sorbonne University, Paris, under Prof. George Coedès, he became professor and principal of the Jarghram Raj College in 1973, and served as Director of Archives of West Bengal for many years. 

In April-May 1985, he toured Indonesia, Cambodia and Thailand for a field study exploration that led him to write the paper ​‘The Economic Foundations of Three Ancient Civilizations of South-east Asia: Borobodur, Dvaravati and Angkor’.

Amongst Prof. Chakravarti’s publications, the most referred to in the field of Khmer studies is certainly his publication and commentaries on The Sdok Kak Thom Inscription : Part I: A Study in Indo-Khmer Civilization, with a preface by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar. Calcutta: Sanskrit College (Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series, No. 111), 1978. xii, 367 p. Part II: Text, Translations, and Commentary, with a preface by Dinesh Chandra Sircar. Calcutta: Sanskrit College (Calcutta Sanskrit College Research Series, No. 112), 1980. 272 pp. It is said that his critique of R.C. Majumdar​’s contribution to he history of Southeast Asia’s ​‘Indianization’ changed the way Indian scholars considered ancient local cultures and polities.

In 2007, Dr. Haraprasad Ray, one of the very few Indian scholars dealing with India-China relations, edited a collection of twenty essays by the late Adhir Chakravarti, covering such topics as Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Kamboja, Java-Sumatra, Dvaravati, Annam, Champa, Nanchao (Mithila Rastra), Bali, Heling-Kalinga, Harikela’s (South-East Bengal’s) foreign contacts, ancient Bengal and Orissa’s relations with China, a re-examination of the issue of Indian Cultural expansion in South-East Asia and dimensions of India-China trade and relations at a time when Chinese Navy was in its early stage of development: Studies on India, China and South East Asia: Posthumous Papers of Prof. Adhir Chakravarti, ed. Haraprasad Ray, R.N. Bhattacharya Publisher, 512 p., 2007. ISBN: 8187661399.

[1] Founded by Sir William Jones in Calcutta in 1784, the Asiatic Society published the first issue of The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal in March 1832, and its library holds manuscripts dating back to 1732. See Supriya Guha’s piece in Hindustan Times, 29 Oct. 2016.

 

The original Asiatic Society building in Park Street, Kolkata, built during 1805 – 1808. (India International Centre via Hindustan Times).

Glossary Terms

  • Kamboja, Kambuja, Kampuchea

    sk काम्बोज kāmboja | prakrit कंबोय | [कम्बुजदेशः kambujadesa, 'land of Kambuja' | oldkh កម្វុជទេឝ, midkh កម្ពុជទេស mkh កម្ពុជា kampuchea, Cambodia 

    1. Kāmboja, a kingdom often mentioned in the Mahābhārata and in the Ramayana, with supposed location in the northwestern part of India, in modern Kabul area, renowned for its warriors and fine horses. Later on, a country visited by Asokas missionaries.
    2. In ancient Indian astrology, a Kādi (subdivision) belonging to Nairṛtī (south-western division referring  to a country possibly identified with the Cambodia of Cochin China according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 14), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira.
    3. One of the two Mahājanapadas of the Uttarāpatha (Northern District) of ancient India, as recorded in the Pāli Buddhist texts, presumably not far from Gandhāra, with Nandipura as the only city of the Kambojas mentioned in the inscriptions. "Home of horses," a term related to horses and elephants.
    4. In Ayurvedic medicine, a plant defined with Coccinia grandis. White mimosa.
    5. Kambujadesa, the land of कम्बु Kambu: according to 10th-century traditions, the union between hermit Kambu Swayambhuva and the celestial nymph Mera founded the Cambodian solar royal dynasty (Kambu-Mera), beginning with Chenla ruler Srutavarman and his son Sreshthavarman.
    6. [Kambhoji or Kambodhi, a raga or ragani mode in Carnatic music, derived from 28th mela Hari Kambhoji, widely known and developed since the 7th century, often dedicated to Lord Ganesha. Defined as "majestic, auspicious in the devotional register" by Dr. Charulatha Mani and by famed Bollywood music composer A.R. Rahman. Etymology unknown, Kāmbhojī काम्भोजी being one name for Guñjā गुञ्जा, Abrus Precatorius, "red bean" plant. Carnatic music scholars do not exclude the possibility that the name might derive from Cambodia-Kampuchea.]
View all glossary terms →