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ការបង្កើតរដ្ឋថៃ The Birth of the Thai State

by Michel Tranet

A specialist of Khmer antiquities in Thailand assesses the history of the modern state of Thailand.

Tranet thai state cover

Type: paperback

Publisher: មីសែល ត្រាណេ [Michel Tranet], Phnom Penh.

Edition: review prepared by Riza Phuonva

Published: 2020

Author: Michel Tranet

Pages: 483

Language : Khmer

ADB Library Catalog ID: THAIHIST2

Michel Tranet, a Cambodian PhD researcher who was a pioneer in collecting protohistoric and historic artefacts around Cambodia, a specialist in Surin culture and Lopburi archaeological research, shares here with us his insights on a heated — sometimes leading to plainly irrational statements — topic: Thailand and Cambodia, their shared history, when they emerged as distinct states, and why it is still so difficult to assess the past.

We share here some insights from this important study:

  • “According to the analysis, it is also known that the Siamese or San are Thai, like the Thais in Burma, and called by their names in Assam, which was both racial and linguistic in the early stages of history. This nation had not yet formed a state since its own clan was divided. It is also known that from the 12th and 13th centuries onwards, Assam’s role became increasingly active until the formation of a constitution, its independence on the former Khmer territory after the merger in which Khmer people celebrate Khmer traditions and customs.”
  • “Sukhothai Thani was the first state of Thailand to be officially established in the 13th century. […] Historian George Coèdes describes Thai culture in Sukhothai as a time when the Thai people adopted Khmer infrastructure as the first newly constituted state, following the Khmerization of the Thai people. The Khmer authority that ruled the region, Teng Lumpong, the former governor of Sukhothai province, was overthrown that time, causing it to become isolated from the Khmer motherland. Due to the loss of Sukhothai, the state of Sukhothai has been able to overtake the Khmers as a major force in our Southeast Asian region as a result of regional topographical changes.” 
  • “Thailand is the youngest country on our Southeast Asian peninsula. This is a real historical process and an actual historical event — not a coincidence. As a result, Thailand was founded on Khmer civilization, which is unquestionably thousands of years older than Thai-Lao culture.”
  • “The inscriptions in the central and southern regions of Thailand are now inscribed in the Mon language along with the Khmer inscriptions. The first inscriptions, written in the Mon language, were short and probably dated to the 7th-8th centuries A.D.”
  • “According to Thai history books, the territory of Lopburi or Lavo was first occupied by King Suryavarman I (1002−1050), who reigned in Angkor by armed forces in the 11th century. Some historians also say that due to the expansion of the territory of the Khmer king, and in this region, there are some art and architecture of Khmer temples. But when we study and analyze some of the inscriptions as the case K.707 etc. we will find that the above assertion does not seem to match the historical events that took place in the long past, as Khmer power began to dominate this important transit area since pre-Angkorian and Angkorian times. […] In fact, despite the presence of the Mon people living there, who were ethnic brothers with the Khmers, we have ample evidence that the area was within the borders of the Phnom [Funan, ADB] and Chenla kingdoms.” […] In the final analysis, we may state that the establishment of a true Khmer political, economic, and cultural infrastructure led to the creation of the first Kingdom of Thailand, which was founded at Sukhothai.
  • To appease the Thai-Cambodian frictions over a complex history, the author quotes in his conclusion a document issued by the Embassy of Thailand in Phnom Penh in 2014:

“The historical sketch given above was provided to give a sense of the centuries-long connection between Thai and Khmer history and culture. Our two modern-day nations have not only been geographically contiguous for centuries, but we share many cultural affinities, the most important of which is our Buddhist religion. Buddhism has been the glue that has held our societies together for centuries, through sorrow and triumph, peace and war. Historically, Buddhism has also been the bridge which has bound our societies together. It can also be a bridge to a peaceful future as both Thai and Khmer societies take the teachings of Buddha to heart and truly embrace peace, love, mutual understanding and tolerance in non-violent polities.” 

ADB Input: About the ​“Fragrant-Haired Lady”

Among many other archaeological structures, the author mentions Prang Nang Phom Hom, situated in Khok Khli district, Lopburi province of modern Thailand, where fragments of a statue of a lady dressed in Khmer garments were discovered in 1987. The Thai name of this tower (prang), ปราสาทนางผมหอม, refers to a female character popular in Isan, Lao, Thai, and Khmer folktales, a girl with fragrant hair who lived in the elephant realm. 

Regarding the Thai-Isan-Lao area, we found an exhaustive study on the legend on Tim’s Thailand/​Isan Explorer website:

The Isan-Lao folktale of Nang Phom Hom (นางผมหอม) is about a girl whose father is the king of elephants and who is later turned into a monkey by a ghost before she and her family are finally able to live happily ever after. As with most ancient folktales there are many versions told across the region with the same overall plot, but different details. The story is well known. It has been shown on TV, told in books, and is a popular production for theater groups, especially mor lam musical troupes. And, of course, there’s a line of ​“Nang Phom Hom” hair care products. Although it’s not one of the ​“formal” ones found in the Pali Canon, some people consider the Nang Phom Hom legend to be a Jataka tale, meaning that it’s a story about one of the many pre-enlightenment lifetimes of the Bodhisatta, the being who eventually became the current Buddha. The prince, Tarangsit, is the Bodhisatta in the story. Nang Phom Hom is an earlier birth of the Buddha’s wife, Yasodhara and their son Sila and daughter Chada are earlier births respectively of Rahula, the Buddha’s son, and Uppalavanna, one of the Buddha’s top female disciples. Several stupas and caves in Thailand and Laos claim an association with Nang Phom Hom. Probably the most famous of these is Tham Erawan cave, high up a mountain on the border of Loei and Nong Bua Lamphu provinces. Locals believe this was Nang Phom Hom’s home while she lived in the elephant realm. The Nang Phom Hom poem at Wat Nong Wang in Khon Kaen city says the story happened in Phu Luang District, Loei province.

As for the temple in the Lopburi area, contemporary Thai touristic guides date it to the period of ​“Jayavarman VII (15 – 17th century of the Buddhist era)”, while Michel Tranet more aptly identifies it as ​“Baphuon style, 11th century before the reign of King Suryavarman I:

Tranet fragrant hair lady temple 11th

Interestingly, we have in Cambodia, in Takeo province, ប្រាសាទនាងសក់ក្រអូប (Prasat Neang Sork Kraob) [or ប្រាសាទភ្នំបាយ៉ង Prasat Phnom Bayong], ​“Temple of the Maiden with Fragrant Hair“, built in the 7th century [between 615 and 635 by King Bhavarman II. Which establishes that the figure of the girl with a fragrant mane was revered in Southern Cambodia some four centuries before the erection of the eponym prang in Lopburi.

Prasat nko takeo
ប្រាសាទនាងសក់ក្រអូប (Prasat Neang Sork Kraob), Takeo province, Cambodia.

Tags: Siam, Thai-Cambodian relations, Surin, archaeology, Khmer Empire, Thailand

About the Author

Michel Tranet May2009

Michel Tranet

Author of more than sixty books on archaeology and Ancient Khmer civilization research, Dr. Michel Tranet បណ្ឌិត មីសែល ត្រាណេ (b.1954, Phnom Penh) served as a secretary of state at the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts in the 1990s, ultimately resigning to protest the lack of involvement of Cambodian authorities in fighting art pieces trafficking and illegal excavations. 

After his PhD thesis at Universite de Caen, France (“L’origine de la culture et de la religiosité khmères : Les 
religions chtoniennes du Cambodge”, dir. Doris Bensimon), he taught at Norton University, Phnom Penh, and was a scientific advisor to the National Museum of Cambodia (NMC) At the start of the 21st century, he projected to create a private Museum of Ancient Khmer (and ethnic minorities) Art, gathering some 400 artworks and donating several of them to the NMC. 

As an archaeologist specializing in prehistoric and protohistoric sites, he led numerous excavations in Cambodia and Thailand.

Publications 

  1. L’origine de la culture et de la religiositté khmères : Les religions chtoniennes du Cambodge, Thèse de Doctotat de 3è cycle, Rennes, 1981. 
  2. ពង្សាវតារខ្មែរ (របស់លោក ឡឺរ៉េស៊ីដង់ភ្នំពេញ អាដេម៉ារឡឺក្លែរ) [Khmer Genealogy from Adhemard Leclere], Munich, 1985.
  3. ប្រជុំច្បាប់ខ្មែរ JSRC, ជំរំ KID នៅប្រទេសថៃ [Khmer Meeting, JSRC, KID camp, Thailand], 1987.
  4. ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រនៃកម្ពុជាពីបុព្វសម័យដល់ស.វ.ទី៨ដោយសង្ខេប [A Brief History of Cambodia from Prehistory to the 8th Century], ជំរំសម្តេចឪ ប្រទេសថៃ [Samdech Euv Camp, Thailand], 1989.
  5. “À propos d’un éléphant représentant un homme assis sur son cornac”, TSAA, University of Hull, 1989. 
  6. បុណ្យប្រពៃណីខ្មែរបុរាណ [Ancient Khmer Festivals], JSRC, ជំរំ KID, នៅប្រទេសថៃ [JSRC, KID Camp, Thailand], 1990.
  7. “Ban Prasat : un site mõn-khmer protohistorique à Nagara Rajasima dans l’actuelle Thaïlande”, Khméritude 1, 
    Paris, 1991. 
  8. ព្រះរាជពង្សាវតារនគរខ្មែរតាមសាស្ត្រាបុរាណ [Royal Genealogy of the Khmer Kingdom According to the Ancient Sources], JSRC, ជំរំ KID, នៅប្រទេសថៃ និងភ្នំពេញ ១៩៩១ [JSRC, KID camp, Thailand and Phnom Penh], 1991.
  9. សិក្សាអំពីរឿងរាមកេរ្តិ៍ខ្មែរ រឿងព្រេងខ្មែរស្តីអំពីភ្នំ [Learning about Khmer Reamker, Khmer legends related to mountains], 1994.
  10. Northern Thai-Khmer Cambodian-English dictionary, Buriram [with Thonluang Boonprom], 1994.
  11. បុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រនៃប្រទេសកម្ពុជា [Prehistory of Cambodia], តូក្យូ ប្រទេសជប៉ុន [Tokyo, Japan], 1995.
  12. ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រប្រទេសកម្ពុជាពីសម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រដល់ស.វ.ទី៨ នៃគ.ស. (ការកែសម្រួលសៀវភៅ ​“ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រនៃកម្ពុជាពីបុព្វសម័យដល់ស.វ.ទី៨ ដោយសង្ខេប”) [History of Cambodia from prehistoric times to the 8th century CE. with short revision of the book], Phnom Penh, 1996.
  13. ព្រះបាទជយវរ្ម័នទី៧ [Jayvarman VII], Phnom Penh, 1996.
  14. “Note sur une urne funéraire récemment découverte à Ban Chieng et son importance symbolique dans la culture khmère”, Apsarama 3, (Bibliothèque Nationale de Phnom-Penh),15 Jan.1996.
  15. Le Gumbi Trabhumi, manuscrit khmer illustré (original à la Bibliothèque Nationale de Bangkok), 1997.
  16. រឿងព្រេងខ្មែរស្តីពីប្រាសាទបុរាណ [Khmer legends on ancient temples], Phnom Penh, 1997.
  17. ក្រុមប្រាសាទសំបូរព្រៃគុក Sambaur-Prei-Kuk: Monuments d’Icanavarma (615−628), 2 vol., Phnom Penh, 1997.
  18. ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រកម្ពុជា អាណាចក្រចេនឡា ស.វ.ទី៦ ដល់ទី៨ [History of Cambodia-Chenla Empire, 6th to 8th Centuries], Phnom Penh, 1998.
  19. ប្រព័ន្ធគំនិតខ្មែរ (ភាគ១) [Khmer Thinking System, Part 1], Phnom Penh, 1998.
  20. ប្រាសាទបន្ទាយស្រី [Banteay Srei Temple], Phnom Penh, 1998.
  21. ប្រាសាទបាពួន [Baphuon Temple], Phnom Penh, 1998. 
  22. “សិលាចារឹកបាលីចាស់ជាងគេបំផុតនៅក្នុងអតីតប្រទេសកម្ពុជា” [“The oldest Balinese inscription in Ancient Cambodia”], សន្និសីទ អន្តរជាខេមរវិទ្យាកទី២, ២៦-២៨ មករា [2nd International Conference on Khmerology, Phnom Penh, 26 – 28 January 2000].
  23. “ទីក្រុងអង្គរបុរីជាទីក្រុងនៃថ្នាក់ដំរីឬវ្យាធបុរៈក្នុងខេត្តតាកែវ” [“Angkor Borei or Vyathapura, a city of elephants in Takeo province”] សមាជស្រាវជ្រាវសង្គម-វប្បធម៌អំពីកម្ពុជាលើកទី៤, ៦‑៨វិច្ឆិកា ២០០១ [Congress Research on Socio-Culture of Cambodia 4th, Phnom Penh, 6 – 8 November 2001].
  24. ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រកម្ពុជា អាណាចក្រភ្នំ (ស.វ.ទី១ ដល់ទី៦) [History of Cambodia, Mountain Kingdom ‑1st to 6th century CE], Phnom Penh, 2002.
  25. ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រនៃកម្ពុជា ការបង្កើតរដ្ឋខ្មែរ [History of Cambodia, Establishment of the Khmer State], Phnom Penh, 2002.
  26. “អត្ថបទសិលាចារឹកបាលីចាស់ជាងគេបំផុតនៃអតីតព្រះរាជា-ណាចក្រកម្ពុជា Ka110” [“The oldest Pali inscription of the former Kingdom of Cambodia Ka110”, កម្ពុជសុរិយា, លេខ៣, ២០០២ [ Kampuchea Surya No. 3, 2002].
  27. ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រកម្ពុជាសង្ខេបពីសម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រដល់ការបង្កើតរដ្ឋ [A Brief History of Cambodia from prehistoric times to the formation of the state], Phnom Penh, 2003.
  28. Les activités au service de l’Auguste Père de la Nation, en collaboration avec Samdec Ranaridh Norodom [in Khmer], Phnom-Penh, 2003. 
  29. ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រនៃកម្ពុជា សង្គមខ្មែរក្នុងរជ្ជកាលរបស់ព្រះបាទជយវរ្ម័នទី៧ [History of Cambodia, Khmer society during the reign of Jayavarman VII], Phnom Penh, 2003.
  30. វប្បធម៌ខ្មែរសុរិន្ទ្រ (ភាគ១) [Khmer Surin Culture, Part 1], Phnom Penh, 2003.
  31. “សិលាចារឹកស្រះឈូកជាភាសាខ្មែរ (Ka110) ភាគ២“ [Srah Chhouk Inscription in Khmer (Ka110) Part 2], កម្ពុជសុរិយា, លេខ ២, ២០០៣ [Kampuchea Surya No. 2, 2003].
  32. លក្ខណៈវប្បធម៌មន‑ខ្មែរ សម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រ (ភាគ១) [Mon-Khmer Cultural Characteristics in Prehistoric Times, Part 1], Phnom Penh, 2003.
  33. “សាស្ត្រាខ្មែរនៅភាគឦសាននៃប្រទេសថៃបច្ចុប្បន្ន”[“Khmer literature in the northeast of present-day Thailand”], កម្ពុជសុរិយា, លេខ៤, ២០០៣ [Kampuchea Surya No. 4, 2003].
  34. “ការចុះបញ្ជីសារពើភ័ណ្ឌនូវសិលាចារឹកជាអាទិភាពសម្រាប់ខេមរវិទ្យា” [“Inventory listing of priority inscriptions for Khmerology”], សមាជស្រាវជ្រាវសង្គម-វប្បធម៌អំពីកម្ពុជាលើកទី៦, ១៨-២០វិច្ឆិកា ២០០៣ [6th Socio-Cultural Research Congress on Cambodia, 18 – 20 November 2003].
  35. “Deux cloches du Cambodge”, Archeologia 399, April 2003.
  36. Les activités au service de l ​‘Auguste Père de la Nation, en collaboration avec Samdec Ranaridh Norodom, Phnom- Penh, 2003 [in Khmer].
  37. វប្បធម៌-អារ្យធម៌ខ្មែរ អំពីសាសនាខ្មែរតាំងពីសម័យបុរេប្រវត្តិ-សាស្ត្រ (សង្ខេប) [Khmer Culture-Civilization-Religion since Prehistoric Times (Summary)], Phnom Penh, 2004.
  38. ប្រព័ន្ធគំនិតខ្មែរ (ភាគ២) [The Khmer Thinking System, Part 2], Phnom Penh, 2004.
  39. ការគ្រប់គ្រងរដ្ឋនាសម័យមហានគរពីស.វ.ទី៩ ដល់ស.វ.ទី១៣ នៃគ.ស. [ [The Administration of the Mahanakor Period from the 9th century to the 13th century CE], សាកលវិទ្យាល័យកម្ពុជា [University of Cambodia], 2004.
  40. ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រខ្មែរ ពាក្យកាព្យរបស់ ជឿ វ៉ាន់ [Khmer History in the Words of Choeur Van], Phnom Penh, 2004.
  41. ផ្តើមពីវប្បធម៌-អារ្យធម៌នគរភ្នំ វប្បធម៌អង្គរបុរី ពីស.វ.ទី១ ដល់ទី៦ (ភាគ១) [The Beginnings: Civilization, Phnom Kingdom, Angkor Borei Culture from the 1st to the 6th Century, Part 1], Phnom Penh, 2004.
  42. សម្ព័ន្ធភាពខ្មែរ‑ចិននាសម័យនគរភ្នំ ចេនឡា និងអង្គរ [Khmer-Chinese Alliance during Phnom Chenla and Angkor Kingdoms], Phnom Penh, 2004.
  43. “សិលាចារឹក Ka59 នៅភូមិគោកក្អាង ខេត្តបុរីរម្យ” [“Inscription Ka59 in Kork Kang village, Borey Rom province”], កម្ពុជសុរិយា, លេខ២, ២០០៤, [Kampuchea Surya No. 2, 2004].
  44. “Une inscription Ye Dharma pré-angkorienne d’Angkor-Borei “, in The 7th Congress on Cambodia, 15 – 17 November 2004, Phnom- Penh, 2004.
  45. ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រកម្ពុជា វប្បធម៌អង្គរបុរីពីស.វ.ទី១ ដល់ទី៦ នៃគ.ស. (ភាគ២) [History of Cambodia: Culture of Angkor Borei from the 1st to the 6th century CE, Part 2], Phnom Penh, 2004.
  46. “អាណាចក្រគោត្របងៗ” [“The Kingdom of Brothers and Sisters”], កម្ពុជសុរិ, លេខ១, ២០០៥ [Kampuchea Surya No. 1, 2005].
  47. វប្បធម៌ខ្មែរសុរិន្ទ្រ (ភាគ២) កម្រងក្បួនវេទមន្ត [Khmer Surin Culture, Part 2, Magic Rules Series], Phnom Penh, 2005.
  48. សម្ព័ន្ធភាពរវាងប្រជាជនខ្មែរនិងប្រជាជនថៃចាប់តាំងពីស.វ.ទី១៣ នៃគ.ស. [The Alliance Between Khmer and Thai People since 13th century CE], Phnom Penh, 2005.
  49. មត៌កវប្បធម៌មន‑ខ្មែរ (ភាគ១) [Mon-Khmer Cultural Heritage, Part 1], Phnom Penh, 2006.
  50. “Récentes dévouvertes archéologiques préhistoriques à Angkor-Borei”, in Aux sources de la civilisation de l’ancien Cambodge: La symbolique Khmer, vol.2, Pnom-Penh, 2006. 
  51. ចក្រភពកម្ពុជទេស ពីស.វ.ទី៩ ដល់ទី១៤ [The Empire of Cambodia, 9th-14th centuries], Phnom Penh, 2006.
  52. វប្បធម៌អង្គរបុរី [Angkor Borey Culture], Phnom Penh, 2006.
  53. មត៌កមន‑ខ្មែរតាមរយៈសិល្បៈនិងបុរាណវិទ្យា (ភាគ២) [Mon-Khmer Cultural Heritage through Art and Archeology, Part 2], Phnom Penh, 2006.
  54. La culture d’Angkor-Borei du 1er au 7e s., Publication de l’Institut Bouddhique, Phnom-Penh [in Khmer], 2007. 
  55. Les Proto-Khmers du Cambodge, Phnom-Penh, 2007. 
  56. ប្រភពនៃជំនឿជីវចលរបស់ជនជាតិខ្មែរ (ភាគ១) [The Source of Khmer Animist Beliefs, Part 1], Phnom Penh, 2007.
  57. ប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រកម្ពុជា វប្បធម៌អង្គរបុរីពីស.វ.ទី១ ដល់ទី៦ នៃគ.ស. (ភាគ១) [History of Cambodia, Angkor Borei Culture from the 1st to the 6th century CE, Part 1], Phom Penh, 2008.
  58. វប្បធម៌-អារ្យធម៌ខ្មែរ វប្បធម៌បាយ័នពីស.វ.ទី១២ ដល់ស.វ.ទី១៣ នៃគ.ស. [Khmer Culture and Civilization: Bayon culture from the 12th century to the 13th century CE], Phnom Penh, 2008.
  59. ប្រាសាទភ្នំព្រះវិហារ [Phnom Preah Vihear Temple], Phnom Penh, 2008.
  60. ប្រាសាទរូងភ្នំ នៅខេត្តកំពត [Rong Phnom Temple in Kampot Province], Phnom Penh, 2008.
  61. ប្រភពវប្បធម៌ខ្មែរ [Sources of Khmer culture], Phnom Penh, 2008.
  62. វប្បធម៌-អារ្យធម៌ខ្មែរសម័យបាយ័ន (ភាគ១) [Khmer Culture and Civilization of the Bayon period, Part 1], Phnom Penh, 2008.
  63. La culture des Khmers de Surin, Vol. 3: Histoire de Tum Teav(texte recueilli en 1985 à Surin), Phnom Penh, 2010.
  64. ទស្សនៈស្ថាបត្យកម្មប្រាសាទខ្មែរ Manuel d’Art et d’Archéologie de l’ancien de l’ancien Royaume du Cambodge, Phnom-Penh vols.1- 2, 2010. 
  65. មូលដ្ឋានគ្រឹះនៃខឿនវប្បធម៌ខ្មែរ (ភាគ១) [Fundamentals of Khmer Culture, Part 1], Phnom Penh, 2012.
  66. កំណើតនៃបុរីខ្មែរ [The Birth of Borey Khmer], Phnom Penh, 2013.
  67. ប្រភពនិងការវិវត្តនៃគ្រឿងអលង្ការខ្មែរសម្រាប់ទេវតានិងមនុស្ស [Origins and Evolution of Khmer Jewelry for Angels and Humans], Phnom Penh, 2013.
  68. វប្បធម៌-អារ្យធម៌ខ្មែរសម័យបាយ័ន (ភាគ២) ព្រះអាទិទេពមហាយាននៅទីក្រុងអង្គរធំ [Khmer Culture and Civilization of the Bayon period, Part 2: The Mahayana Deity in Angkor Thom], Phnom Penh, 2013.
  69. វប្បធម៌ស្គរសំរឹទ្ធដុងស៊ីងនៅកម្ពុជា [The Dong Sing Bronze Drum Culture in Cambodia], Phnom Penh, 2013.
  70. កំណើតរដ្ឋថៃ [The Birth of the Thai State], Phnom Penh, 2014.
  71. មូលដ្ឋានគ្រឹះនៃខឿនវប្បធម៌ខ្មែរ (ភាគ២) [Fundamentals of Khmer Culture, Part 2], Phnom Penh, 2014. 
  72. Numismatique du Founan à Angkor-Borei et son symbolisme, Phnom-Penh [in Khmer], 2014. 
  73. Héritage culturel Môn-Khmer ou Khmers de l’origine, Phnom Penh [in Khmer], 2014. 
  74. Histoire du Cambodge: Les relations khmero-chinoises à l’époque du Founan, du Chen-La et d’Angkor, Phnom-Penh [in Khmer], 2014.
  75. មត៌កវប្បធម៌ឥណ្ឌូ-ខ្មែរ (ភាគ១) លោកធាតុវិទ្យានិងសង្គមខ្មែរ [Indo-Khmer cultural heritage, Part 1: Cosmology and Khmer Society], Phnom Penh, 2014.
  76. មត៌កវប្បធម៌ឥណ្ឌូ-ខ្មែរ (ភាគ២) កម្រងអត្ថបទពិសិដ្ឋ [Indo-Khmer Cultural Heritage, Part 2: Sacred Articles Series], Phnom Penh, 2014.
  77. មត៌កវប្បធម៌ឥណ្ឌូ-ខ្មែរ (ភាគ៣) ពិធីច្រត់ព្រះនង្គ័ល [Indo-Khmer Cultural Heritage, Part 3: Plowing Ceremony], Phnom Penh, 2014.
  78. វប្បធម៌បាលីនៅអតីតព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា [Balinese Culture in the Ancient Kingdom of Cambodia], Phnom Penh, 2014.
  79. Les racines d’Angkor: La culture proto-khmère de Snay, Khemaravidya, 2014.
  80. ព្រះអាទិទេពនៃព្រហ្មញ្ញសាសនានៅអតីតព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា [Goddesses of Brahmanism in the Ancient Kingdom of Cambodia], Phnom Penh, 2015. 
  81. វប្បធម៌-អរិយធម៌ខ្មែរនាសម័យបាយ័ន ចុងស.វ.ទី១២ និងដើមស.វ.ទី១៣ (ភាគ៣) [Khmer Culture and Civilization in the Bayon period, late 12th and early 13th century, Part 3], Phnom Penh, 2015.
  82. សិលាចារឹកមន្ទីរពេទ្យព្រះបាទជយវរ្ម័នទី៧ [Inscriptions of King Jayavarman VII’s Hospitals], Phnom Penh, 2015.
  83. Histoire du Cambodge: La culture des tambours de bronze chinois au Cambodge, Phnom-Penh [in Khmer], 2015. 
  84. ស្នាព្រះហស្ថអតីតព្រះមហាក្សត្រខ្មែរក្នុងការបង្រួបបង្រួមជាតិ [Works of the Former Khmer Kings towards National Unification], Phnom Penh, 2017.
  85. របត់នៃសង្គមខ្មែរក្រោយសម័យអង្គរ [The Turn of Post-Angkorian Khmer Society], Phnom Penh, 2017.
  86. មត៌កវប្បធម៌ឥណ្ឌូ-ខ្មែរ (ភាគ៦) កម្រងរឿងព្រេងនិទានបុរាណខ្មែរ [Indo-Khmer Cultural Heritage, Part 6: Collection of Khmer Ancient Legends], Phnom Penh, 2017.
  87. ក្បួនសិល្បៈស្ថាបត្យកម្មនៃអតីតព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា (ភាគ១) [Architectural Art Rules of the Ancient Kingdom of Cambodia, Part 1], Phnom Penh, 2017.
  88. Les groupes des monuments de Sambaur-Prei-Kuk à la capitale royale Içanapurī, Phnom-Penh [in Khmer], 2017.
  89. រូបិយវត្ថុនៅអង្គរបុរីនិងនិមត្ថរូបភាព [Currency in Angkor Borey and Imagination], Phnom Penh, 2017.
  90. រឿងរាមកេរ្តិ៍ខ្មែរ [The Story of Khmer Reamker], Phnom Penh, 2017.
  91. ការពិនិត្យឡើងវិញនូវភូមិសាស្ត្រជាប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រនៃព្រះរាជា-ណាចក្រកម្ពុជានា សម័យហ្វូណននិងចេនឡា ពីស.វ.ទី១ ដល់ទី៩ [A Review of the Historical Geography of the Kingdom of Cambodia during the Funan and Chenla period from the 1st to the 9th century], Phnom Penh, 2017.
  92. ប្រទេសលាវ អតីតដែនដីខ្មែរ [Laos, a Former Khmer Territory], Phnom Penh, 2018.
  93. ព្រះរាជពិធីច្រត់ព្រះនង្គ័ល [Royal Plowing Ceremony], Phnom Penh, 2018.
  94. Héritage culturel immatériel khmer. Recueil d’articles relatifs aux prédictions du Buddha, d’Indra et d’Eisi, Phnom-Penh [in Khmer], 2018.
  95. Iconographie Hinayana à l’époque du Founan (100−650 A D.), Phnom-Penh [in Khmer], 2018. 
  96. Le merveilleux temple de Preah Vihear, Phnom-Penh [in Khmer], 2018. 
  97. Les caractéristiques de la culture môn-khmère, Vol. 2.: Art rupestre Môn-Khmer au Cambodge et en Thaïlande, Phnom-Penh, 2019 [in Khmer]. 
  98. La notion de dieu dans la nation khmère, Phnom-Penh [in Khmer], 2020. 
  99. ការបង្កើតរដ្ឋថៃ [The Birth of the Thai State], Phnom Penh, 2020. 
  100. The Roots of Khmer Culture: The Môn-Khmer heritage derived trought Art, Archaeology, and Ethnography,
    Phnom-Penh, 2020. 
  101. Les génies du sol, Phnom-Penh [in Khmer], 2021. 
  102. La céramique préhistotique môn-khmère et founanaise du 1er au 7e siècle, Phnom-Penh, 2025. 
     

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