Harihara represents a syncretic form of Śiva and Viṣṇu. The fusional aspect of the deity derives from philosophical traditions in which Vishnu is said as being the shakti of Shiva, or Shiva is the one-who-knows (jñata) and Vishnu the knowledge (jñāna).

Harihara is often represented in the Khmer iconic tradition as  four-armed, anthropomorphic form with the left side of the statue being Hari (Vishnu) with the cylindrical mitre (kirtamukuta), and the right Hara (Shiva) with the high crown of tangled locks (jatamukuta). It has been speculated that Harihara became a popular icon in the 7th-8th centuries as the rulers of the north ("Chenla"), followers of Shiva, wanted to ascertain their territorial aspirations and political aspirations over the south ("Funan"), where Vishnu was widely revered. Paul Lavy, however, argued that this explanation based on the assumption that Saivism and Visnavaism could have been rival sects in ancient Southeast Asia. 

Hariharalaya ហរិហរាល័យ was the name of the pre-Angkor capital city founded by Jayavarman II at the end of the 8 th century in the Siem Reap area now called Roluos រលួស, the remains being the royal temples of Preah Ko, Bakong, and Lolei.

An ingot is a mass of metal that has been cast into a size and shape (bar, plate, sheet) to be stored, exchanged, or worked on into a semi-finished or finished product.

Jambūdvīpa (जम्बूद्वीप) is the name of one of the seven divisions or continents (concentric or not) of the world - often the central, inhabited, centered arount Mount Meru one -, that can be confined to India or be divided in nine parts, one of which being Bharatavarsa [India]. 

To refer to King Ashoka the Great's dominion - "Empire" -, the Inscriptions of Ashoka use "a word meaning ‘here’, indicating the royal household or the capital city or the entire dominions of Asoka. In some cases, the empire is mentioned, in accordance with an ancient Indian convention, as either the Earth or Jambudvipa meaning the earth or its part containing Bharatavarsha." (D.C. Sircar) 

Initially the study of horoscope, the term Jātaka evolved into the Buddhist notion of "birth story", in particular stories related to the former births of the Buddha, and later to the birth of who is destined to be a Buddha in the future. 

Written around the 3d century CE, the Jataka was a vast compendium of folk tales and mythic literature, primarily associated with the Theravada Buddhist tradition written in Pali. Telling the stories related to the birth of the Buddha became one of the nine types of teaching (sūtra) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha.

In Cambodian Buddhist tradition, it includes stories (រឿងរ៉ាវ rungreav) of edifying past experiences, such as 'the ten stories', as told by the Buddha Sakyamuni ('All-Knowing'). 

1. Kāmboja, a kingdom often mentioned in the Mahābhārata and in the Ramayana, with supposed location in the northwestern part of India, in modern Kabul area, renowned for its warriors and fine horses. Later on, a country visited by Asokas missionaries.
2. In ancient Indian astrology, a Kādi (subdivision) belonging to Nairṛtī (south-western division referring  to a country possibly identified with the Cambodia of Cochin China according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 14), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira.
3. One of the two Mahājanapadas of the Uttarāpatha (Northern District) of ancient India, as recorded in the Pāli Buddhist texts, presumably not far from Gandhāra, with Nandipura as the only city of the Kambojas mentioned in the inscriptions. "Home of horses," a term related to horses and elephants.
4. In Ayurvedic medicine, a plant defined with Coccinia grandis. White mimosa.
5. Kambujadesa, the land of कम्बु Kambu: according to 10th-century traditions, the union between hermit Kambu Swayambhuva and the celestial nymph Mera founded the Cambodian solar royal dynasty (Kambu-Mera), beginning with Chenla ruler Srutavarman and his son Sreshthavarman.
6. [Kambhoji or Kambodhi, a raga or ragani mode in Carnatic music, derived from 28th mela Hari Kambhoji, widely known and developed since the 7th century, often dedicated to Lord Ganesha. Defined as "majestic, auspicious in the devotional register" by Dr. Charulatha Mani and by famed Bollywood music composer A.R. Rahman. Etymology unknown, Kāmbhojī काम्भोजी being one name for Guñjā गुञ्जा, Abrus Precatorius, "red bean" plant. Carnatic music scholars do not exclude the possibility that the name might derive from Cambodia-Kampuchea.]

1. Kambu, synonym of elephant.
2. In ancient India, a conch, a conch-shell.
3. A bracelet.
4. Kaṃbudhara [kannada ಕಂಬುಧರ]: Viṣṇu [Vishnu], who holds a conch in his hand.

Keshanta (Keśānta) is a Brahmanic ceremony for the shaving of hair. According to Manu, the keśānta-saṃskāra is performed for a brāhmaṇa in his sixteenth year, for a kṣatriya in the twenty second and for a vaiśya in the twenty fourth of his age.

A Lao mouth organ mostly made of bamboo, with pipes connected with a small, hollowed-out hardwood reservoir into which air is blown. National instrument of Laos, with khene music inscribed in 2017 on UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Used among the ethnic Lao Isan, some Tai ethnic groups such as Tai dam in north Vietnam, Muong people, and Lao population of the province of Stung Treng, Cambodia. In Cambodia, central element in lakhon ken ល្ខោនគែន, dance drama genre featuring the khene as main instrument.

Klon [or glawn, gaun] is a Thai and Lao term referring to 1) poetic verse in general, 2) a specific prosodic form in Thai and Lao poetic traditions.

kram: in middle period Cambodia, referred to proceeding, succession, order, justice, customary law, ordinance. "Cau krama" (IMA 30: 23-4), ‘head of law', judge, magistrate’. 

Law codes were called kram, subsisting in modern times as in រាជក្រម reachkram: "royal code, royal edict". ក្រមការ kramkara, "order", "code of conduct", also meant "official, functionary" in middle period.

Kshatriya: one of the four varnas of Hindu society representing warrior aristocracy, along with Brahmins, Vaishyas, and Shudras. An administrator or a warrior.

Paul Pelliot has argued that the kings of Chenla, who were kstariya, could not directly descend from Kaundinya [Preah Thong], who was a brahmin. In Vaishnavism it is stated that the kstariya, ruling class, must govern the world in accordance with the rules and regulations enacted by great brāhmaṇas and saintly persons. 

In Cambodia, there was a frequent mix of warrior and priest/scholar classes, a blend that led to a new group called Brahmakshatriyas. For instance, the K. 359 inscription from the 6th century reports the union of Brahmin Somasraman to a sister of King Bhavavarman I, himself a ksatriya. Several kings of Chenla bore the title Ksatriya in their ruler name, and the term came to mean "king" or "queen" in Khmer language. 

An indigenous ethnic group with native lands ranging from Khorat Plateau (Northeast Thailand) to the banks of the Mekong River in southern Laos and south to north central Cambodia. One of the "hill tribes", with more than 30,000 identified in modern Cambodia. Known as the "iron masters" of Ancient Cambodia, specializing in iron mining and processing, especially in the Kompong Thom/Preah Vihear area. 

Kuy (often Kuay among contemporary linguists) is a Katuic language of the Mon-Khmer language family. Three major dialects of the Kuy language have been identified: ntra, ntua and mla.

1. Royal actress or dancer. 
2. ល្ខោនខោល l'khon khol, 'Masked theater', with a repertoire from the Reamker. In Cambodian masked theater, derived from ancient royal dance, each character bears a specific color: green for Ream (Rama), yellow for Preah Leak (Lakshmana), red for Seyda (Sita), white for Hanuman and its 18 monkey warriors, brick red for Krong Reap (Ravana), blue for Tupi (King of Buffaloes).
3. ល្ខោនគែន l'kon ken, a theater and dance form developed during the first reign of King Sihanouk (1945-195), in which the ken, a traditional Mon-Khmer and Laotian reed music instrument, played a central part.

The liṅga is a semi-iconic (between the iconic and the aniconic) image of Śiva. A cylindrical shaft with phallic connotations, it is often associated to the yoni, symbolic representation of the female genitalia, the matrix of anything [1]. 

The linga symbol is ever-present in Southeast Asian architecture and religious representations. It has absorbed ancient local cults of uncut stones. Associated with fertility rituals in Cambodia, it became the physical embodiment of the kamraten jagat raja or devaraja, the vector of the divine essence attached to kingship.    

[1] In Tibetan Vajrayana (tantric Buddhism), 'liṅga' refers to the “upper genitals” [penis or clitoris].

An Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India (some of Bihar and Jharkaland states) and Nepal (Koshi and Madhesh provinces). One of the 22 official languages of India.

Although classical Maithili texts were written in Mithilaksar (Tirhuta) script, the script nowadays mostly used by Maithili speakers is Devanagari. 

Maṇḍala is a Sanskrit term primarily referring to what is circular thus whole, complete. 

1/ In the Arthaśāstra and other legal texts, the mandala is circle of twelve neighbouring kings, some friendly and others unfriendly, in relation to a king desirous of conquest. The term could also be used for the territory under the possession of a feudatory.

2/In Shaivism, maṇḍala, cakra, and yantra are often translated as a “mystical diagram” figuring the space for rituals and the apparition of deities. Mandala can also be a disc, the lunar disc.

3/ In ancient Indian epics, it is the deployment of an army in a circular shape. The term also refers to a part of the Rig-Veda, a combination of dance sequences in the Natyashastra [Treaty on Dance], and in some texts (Kulakaulinimata, for instance) to "round" meaning "breasts".

4/ The Buddhist mandala is a circular picture, sometimes a symbol of the universe, a place of enlightnment or the symbolization of a meritous deed, to be contemplated in meditation or prayer.

5/ The term has been used by some modern historians of Southeast Asia to describe pre-State polities or areas of influences, "circles of allegiance".

1. Mekhalā in Indian traditions is a 'heavenly ornament', a (often gold) waist ornament or waist band. Also a woman's or yakshini's name.  
2. Maṇimekhala (मणिमेखल), lit. 'girdled with gems'. In Theravada Buddhism, a) a goddess who presided over the ocean where she was placed by the Catummaharajika to protect virtuous people who might suffer shipwreck. b) A district in Ceylon, founded by the general Sankha during the time that the usurper Magha ruled at Pulatthipura.
3. In Cambodian traditions, a) the tevoda of the sea (or the trees) protecting against lightning and storms. b) របាំមណីមេខលា [Dance of Moni Mekhala], part of the repertoire of the Royal Ballet of Cambodia. 

1. In India and ancient Southeast Asia, a town where Brahmanas lived; grama refering to smaller settlements. In Vedic texts, it is stated that each nagara or grama had its protecting female deity, nagara devata or grama devata.
2. The name Angkor is derived from nokor នគរ, a Khmer word meaning "kingdom" derivating from Sanskrit nagara.

Nāgarī is an Indian script first used to write Prakrit and Sanskrit and widely used during the first millenium CE. Some scholars view it as the ancestor of other scripts such as Devanagari (deva-nāgarī) and Nandinagari, while other linguists consider Nāgarī and Devanāgarī as the same script. 

Nāgarī is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian astronomy, mathematics and geometry. In Shaktism, it refers to one of the eight Servants associated with the "churning" (manthāna).

The Nāgarī script, a left-to-right abugida (segmental writing system), has roots in the ancient Brahmi script family. 

Devanagari देवनागरी, already widely used by the 8th century CE, reached its modern form - 48 primary characters, including 14 vowels and 34 consonants - by 1000 CE. It is the fourth most widely adopted writing system in the world, being used for more than 120 languages, in particular Hindi (हिंदी).

Note: Several names of towns or cities mentioned in Khmer inscriptions written in Sanskrit end with the suffix -nagari, for instance Jayantanagari, "the victorious city" (K. 908) [a city in which Jayavarman VII placed a Buddha image] or Jayendranagari, "the city of the victorious lord" (K.255) [a palace founded by King Jayavarman V, possibly near Prasat Baphuon, Angkor Thom].

Na(t): god-like spirits venerated in Myanmar and Burmese communities abroad.

In association with official Buddhism, nasen (နတ်စိမ်း) are humans revered after their death, in particular the 37 Great Nats represented at the Shwezigon Pagoda, completed in 1102 after the instructions of Pagan King Anawrahta (r. 1044–1077).

Nats are also local guardian spirits of springs, trees, villages, mountains like the famous Mt Popa's guardian spirits) who are worshipped at small shrines and during nat pwè, yearly festivals including puppet and theater performances, village dances and shamanic rites performed by the nat kadaw နတ်ကတော်, lit. "consort of the Nat", a role traditionally passed from mother to daughter and, since the end of the 20th century, often impersonated by transgender women.

Much like the Neak-Ta in Cambodia, Nats are ubiquitous in Burmese daily life, especially in the villages. The all-night festivals of zat pwè, combining music, song, dance, drama, and comedy, are now popular in cities.