1. Royal actress or dancer. 
2. ល្ខោនខោល l'khon khol, 'Masked theater', with a repertoire from the Reamker. In Cambodian masked theater, derived from ancient royal dance, each character bears a specific color: green for Ream (Rama), yellow for Preah Leak (Lakshmana), red for Seyda (Sita), white for Hanuman and its 18 monkey warriors, brick red for Krong Reap (Ravana), blue for Tupi (King of Buffaloes).
3. ល្ខោនគែន l'kon ken, a theater and dance form developed during the first reign of King Sihanouk (1945-195), in which the ken, a traditional Mon-Khmer and Laotian reed music instrument, played a central part.

Lambodara, lit. “big belly”, refers to another name or epithet for the god Ganesha. 

Ganesha appears as Lambodara in the Mahabharata story of Samudra Manthan [The Churning of the Ocean of Milk] when, in several Puranic variations, the god took the form of Lambodara to conquer and subdue the female demon Krodhasura, a creation of Shiva. After the demons were charmed by Vishnu’s Mohini (मोहिनी) [the female form of Mahāviṣṇu avatar], Shiva's impatience at seducing her led to the birth of a demon  Krodhasura (Anger). Ganesha took the form of Lambodara (one with a huge belly) to conquer and subdue Krodhasura.

Lambodara is also one of the 56 vināyakas positioned in the South-Eastern corner of the second circle of the kāśī-maṇḍala, worshipped during yātrā (sacred pilgrimages) and tirtha (holy pilgrimages) in Kachi (Vārāṇasī, Bengaluru, India, and defined as "the giver of coolness". 

The liṅga is a semi-iconic (between the iconic and the aniconic) image of Śiva. A cylindrical shaft with phallic connotations, it is often associated to the yoni, symbolic representation of the female genitalia, the matrix of anything [1]. 

The linga symbol is ever-present in Southeast Asian architecture and religious representations. It has absorbed ancient local cults of uncut stones. Associated with fertility rituals in Cambodia, it became the physical embodiment of the kamraten jagat raja or devaraja, the vector of the divine essence attached to kingship.    

[1] In Tibetan Vajrayana (tantric Buddhism), 'liṅga' refers to the “upper genitals” [penis or clitoris].

An Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of India (some of Bihar and Jharkaland states) and Nepal (Koshi and Madhesh provinces). One of the 22 official languages of India.

Although classical Maithili texts were written in Mithilaksar (Tirhuta) script, the script nowadays mostly used by Maithili speakers is Devanagari. 

Maṇḍala is a Sanskrit term primarily referring to what is circular thus whole, complete. 

1/ In the Arthaśāstra and other legal texts, the mandala is circle of twelve neighbouring kings, some friendly and others unfriendly, in relation to a king desirous of conquest. The term could also be used for the territory under the possession of a feudatory.

2/In Shaivism, maṇḍala, cakra, and yantra are often translated as a “mystical diagram” figuring the space for rituals and the apparition of deities. Mandala can also be a disc, the lunar disc.

3/ In ancient Indian epics, it is the deployment of an army in a circular shape. The term also refers to a part of the Rig-Veda, a combination of dance sequences in the Natyashastra [Treaty on Dance], and in some texts (Kulakaulinimata, for instance) to "round" meaning "breasts".

4/ The Buddhist mandala is a circular picture, sometimes a symbol of the universe, a place of enlightnment or the symbolization of a meritous deed, to be contemplated in meditation or prayer.

5/ The term has been used by some modern historians of Southeast Asia to describe pre-State polities or areas of influences, "circles of allegiance".

Magha Puja [or Sangha Day] is a major Buddhist festival occurring usually in May commemorating the birth, enlightenment and passing away of the Buddha.

In Theravada Buddhism tradition (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, Sri Lanka), Meak Bochea is celebrated on the full moon day of the third lunar month (Meak), the second most important festival after Vesak, which marks the start of the monsoon season retreat. It celebrates the spontaneous gathering between the Buddha and 1,250 of his first disciples (Arahants), preceding the custom of periodic recitation of the 227 rules of monastic discipline, Pāṭimokkha. 

It Northern India and Nepal, it is associated with Jestha Purnima, one of the traditional festivals of the Magars, a native Tibeto-Burman ethnic group.

1. Mekhalā in Indian traditions is a 'heavenly ornament', a (often gold) waist ornament or waist band. Also a woman's or yakshini's name.  
2. Maṇimekhala (मणिमेखल), lit. 'girdled with gems'. In Theravada Buddhism, a) a goddess who presided over the ocean where she was placed by the Catummaharajika to protect virtuous people who might suffer shipwreck. b) A district in Ceylon, founded by the general Sankha during the time that the usurper Magha ruled at Pulatthipura.
3. In Cambodian traditions, a) the tevoda of the sea (or the trees) protecting against lightning and storms. b) របាំមណីមេខលា [Dance of Moni Mekhala], part of the repertoire of the Royal Ballet of Cambodia. 

1. In India and ancient Southeast Asia, a town where Brahmanas lived; grama refering to smaller settlements. In Vedic texts, it is stated that each nagara or grama had its protecting female deity, nagara devata or grama devata.
2. The name Angkor is derived from nokor នគរ, a Khmer word meaning "kingdom" derivating from Sanskrit nagara.

Nāgarī is an Indian script first used to write Prakrit and Sanskrit and widely used during the first millenium CE. Some scholars view it as the ancestor of other scripts such as Devanagari (deva-nāgarī) and Nandinagari, while other linguists consider Nāgarī and Devanāgarī as the same script. 

Nāgarī is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian astronomy, mathematics and geometry. In Shaktism, it refers to one of the eight Servants associated with the "churning" (manthāna).

The Nāgarī script, a left-to-right abugida (segmental writing system), has roots in the ancient Brahmi script family. 

Devanagari देवनागरी, already widely used by the 8th century CE, reached its modern form - 48 primary characters, including 14 vowels and 34 consonants - by 1000 CE. It is the fourth most widely adopted writing system in the world, being used for more than 120 languages, in particular Hindi (हिंदी).

Note: Several names of towns or cities mentioned in Khmer inscriptions written in Sanskrit end with the suffix -nagari, for instance Jayantanagari, "the victorious city" (K. 908) [a city in which Jayavarman VII placed a Buddha image] or Jayendranagari, "the city of the victorious lord" (K.255) [a palace founded by King Jayavarman V, possibly near Prasat Baphuon, Angkor Thom].

Na(t): god-like spirits venerated in Myanmar and Burmese communities abroad.

In association with official Buddhism, nasen (နတ်စိမ်း) are humans revered after their death, in particular the 37 Great Nats represented at the Shwezigon Pagoda, completed in 1102 after the instructions of Pagan King Anawrahta (r. 1044–1077).

Nats are also local guardian spirits of springs, trees, villages, mountains like the famous Mt Popa's guardian spirits) who are worshipped at small shrines and during nat pwè, yearly festivals including puppet and theater performances, village dances and shamanic rites performed by the nat kadaw နတ်ကတော်, lit. "consort of the Nat", a role traditionally passed from mother to daughter and, since the end of the 20th century, often impersonated by transgender women.

Much like the Neak-Ta in Cambodia, Nats are ubiquitous in Burmese daily life, especially in the villages. The all-night festivals of zat pwè, combining music, song, dance, drama, and comedy, are now popular in cities. 

Naṭarāja is one of the avatars of Shiva as "Supreme dancer-actor", represented in several striking bronze or stone sculpures across India, in particular temples dedicated to Lokeśvara. 

Neak ta: a Cambodian ancestral or tutelary force, a local guardian spirit watching over a place or land. Neak ta can be either male or female, and are often associated as a ancestral couple. 

Note: Chuon Nath Dictionary takes តា "ta" literally as "grandfather", adding that he is "an old man of the land, who has been looking over the land for a long time."

Niṣāda, Nishada refers to a mixed caste in Ancient India - the son of a Kṣatriya (warrior) with a Śūdra (शूद्र) woman, Sudra being the fourth social order (working class) in the traditional Vedic social system. 

Nishadas were held as 'hunters', 'close to the forest', distinct from the four main social orders (castes) - brāhmaṇas, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas [वैश्य, merchant or agricultural class], sūdras [serving class].

1. Khmer honorific meaning 'nobleman' or 'lord'. Initially envoys of the Angkor kings, then title in used during the Oudong monarchy from the 18th century, substituting Ponhea (ពញា - equivalent to Phraya (พญา) in Thai). The title "Oknha" was transformed into Thai as Okya (ออกญา) by the Ayutthaya Kingdom. The word Oknha occurs in ancient Vietnamese records.
2. Since 1993, title bestowed by the King (later by the Cambodian government) on civilians (non-royalty) distinguished for their goods deeds. Recently, 'oknha' has become a Khmer version of 'tycoon', as since 2017 wealthy people donating a minimum of 500,000 USD to the State can obtain the title.

A palimpsest is a manuscript page with an initial text being scraped or washed off in order to reuse it, a practice dictated by economy as parchment supports were scarce. 

In architecture and archaeology, the term denotes an object made or worked upon for one purpose and later reused for another.

In literary stylistics, a text bearing traces of previous meanings or suggestions. In George Orwell's 1984, a palimpsest is a metaphor for Big Brother's constant rewriting of history, as records are "scraped clean and re-inscribed exactly as often as was necessary".

This figure, also called a kala (monster face) in Thailand, was a monster depicted beneath the Buddha during the Dvaravati period. 

Accprding to Diskul (1970), "Panasbati seems to have a beak of a garuda (the king of birds), ears and horns of a bull, and wings of a hamsa (wild goose). These three animals are mounts of the three great Hindu gods, respectively Vishnu, Siva and Brahma. This placement of the Buddha upon Panasbati might be an attempt to indicate a belief that Buddhism was stronger than Hinduism. Such an iconography does not exist in India."

A Thai traditional garment consisting in a  a long strip of cloth wrapped around the waist and often tucked at the back after being passed between the legs. 

The Buddhist notion of "perfection", "transcendent perfection", as accomplished in the practices of the Boddhisatvas. There are six paramitas in Mahayana Buddhism, while the Pali canon of Theravada Buddhism lists ten paramis: 

1. dana parami: Forsaking ones goods and possessions (animals or non living objects) by making gifts.
2. sila parami: Control of ones actions and speeches in order to refrain from evil actions.
3. nekkhamma parami: Renouncement of the life of the laity to the sake of a solitary life (bhikkhu, ermite).
4. panna parami: Development of knowledge and understanding through study and analytical reflection. Imparting knowledge to others. Making use of ones wisdom so as to take the highest benefits from it.
5. viriya parami: Effort to do good to others as much as possible and to the peril ones life.
6. khanti parami: Establishment of an always perfect tolerance, whatever, on others behalf, performed actions and uttered speeches might be.
7. sacca parami: Truthfulness (to tell only what is fair).
8. adhitthana parami: Decision to solely perform beneficial actions and to stick to them.
9. metta parami: Cultivation of a state of mind turned towards others happiness, to practice love towards all beings.
10. upekkha parami: Rejection of hatred and adoration. Not to stick to an idea in particular. Keeping ones mind even minded.

Parashurama [also known as Rama Jamadagnya, Rama Bhargava and Virarama] is the sixth avatar of the preserver god Vishnu in Hinduism, destroyer of evil, advised by Shiva to liberate Mother Earth from felons and demons, one of the Chiranjivis (Immortals) who will appear at the end of the Kali Yuga to be the guru of Vishnu's last incarnation, Kalki.

A Brahmin and hermit married to Dharani, an incarnation of Lakshmi, the wife of Vishnu, he is known for destroying the members of the Kshatryia caste who were abusing their power, armed with the Parshu [Parashu], an axe.

In the Ramayana, he challenges Rama to combat after the latter's wedding with Sita at Mithila, later deducing that Rama is himself an incarnation of Vishnu. Several temples in South India are dedicated to Parashurama, in particular in Kerala and Karnataka. 

Pashupata Shaivism is one of the oldest major Shaivite Hindu schools, a movement influential in South India from 7th to 14th century, with mainstream current Mahapāśupata believing in Vedic Pāśupata penance, and schismatic Lakula Pasupata. The main aim of this ascetic and social-order-challenging sect was to get rid of all pains through tapasiya (penance) and by channeling Shiva's shakti.

The influence of Pashupata Shaivism was attested by Buddhist pilgrim monk Xuanzang, who traveled to India in the early 7th century. In Cambodia, the Pashupata followers were most respected at the Chenla court in Ishanapura (Sambor Prei Kuk), at Jayavarman II's Mahendraparvata, and later at Angkor Thom. According to Alexis Sanderson, "of Śaivism, Puficarātrika Vaisnavism and Mahāyāna Buddhism, the three Indie religions that flourished among the ruling and priestly elites of the Khmers up to the 14th century, Śaivism was predominant.